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Short description

Special ECG Varicard or KARiVAR is working with method of measuring heart rate variability. This method allows during 5 minutes to evaluate the activity of the nervous and hormonal systems. KARDiVAR monitors the status and dynamics of communication in the nervous and hormonal systems and their response to the treatment.

Full description

We can check the level of stress in the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems. There are restricted routine activities in lower vegetative and vasomotor centres. The communication is blocked. The strong control activity is always during disease in higher and higher control centers. This is bad for the organism in the long term. The organism has not good conditions for the recovery in such cases.

Scientific and theoretical basis

General principles

The regulatory systems of organism - it is the constantly working apparatus of tracking the conditions of all systems and bodies, their interactions and observance with goal to reach balance between body and environment. The regulatory systems activity depends on conditions in which the body is and on its functional state. The science about management in living organisms (biology cybernetics) considers a complex of regulatory gears as uniform, interconnected multiplanimetric, multilevel, hierarchically constructed system. In this system there is the strict distribution of "duties" between its separate levels, each of which carries out specific problem. For decisions to solve any of certain specific problem-particular system of interactions between various regulatory gears is organized, which provides the optimal mode of organism operations in concrete conditions. Thus, as reply to changes of external or internal conditions in body, there is the specific functional system, including certain regulatory gears and certain executive bodies. The theory of processes of management in living systems was first developed by Russian researcher P.K. Anokhin in his theory of functional systems (1962).

It is suitable to take into account the research of V.V. Parin and R.M. Baevsky (1966) with their development of knowledge of the processes of management in living organisms on principles of hierarchical interaction of levels of regulatory systems management. Two from these hierarchically interconnected regulatory systems cooperate between themselves in such a manner that activity of higher level of management depends on functional condition and functional reserves of lower level of management. It is possible to distinguish three degrees of activity of regulatory systems:

1) performance of functions of the CONTROL,

2) realization of REGULATORY FUNCTIONS,

3) fulfillment of functions of MANAGEMENT.

In usual conditions, when the adjustable (controlling) system of a lower level works in normal mode, without additional loads, the higher level of the regulatory gear executes only control functions, i.e. perceives the information on condition of adjustable system and does not interfere with its work. If additional load arises, if the adjustable system needs to increase the charge of energy (functional reserves) to provide the necessary functions, the regulatory gear is passed on other mode of operations - higher levels periodically "interfere" with process of management and correct it: helping the adjustable system to carry out functions. It is possible to speak about transition of the regulatory gear to realization of the regulation functions. In this case (through appropriate nervous and humoral channels) the adjustable system is signaling to the system of management, ensuring mobilization of necessary additional functional reserves. If the own reserves of adjustable system appear insufficient for achievement of necessary effect, regulatory gears pass to control mode. Here its activity much grows, as for process of management it is necessary to connect other, higher regulatory levels providing mobilization of functional reserves. Accordingly the tension of regulatory gears (their activity) grows. Thus, by the degree of a tension of regulatory gears, it is possible to judge functional reserves of cardiovascular system and body adaptability possibilities.

Degree of regulatory systems tension - this integrated body answer to whole complex of the factors influencing on, irrespective what they are connected with. By conditions of influence of a complex of the factors of extreme character, then the general adaptive syndrome arises (H. Selye, 1960), which represents the universal body answer on stress impact of any nature and is displayed as the same syndrome of the same type in kind of mobilization of body functional reserves. Healthy organism, (having sufficient stock of functional opportunities), answers on stress influence with usual, normal, (so-called working) tension of regulatory systems. So, for example, if to us is to step up the stairs, naturally, energetic mobilization of additional resources grow and are necessary. However, for somebody such mobilization is not accompanied by a significant tension of regulatory systems and the pulse arise (for example on 5-th floor) totally with 3-5 more pulses, the cardiovascular homeostasis does not practically change. For other people this load represents the expressed tension of regulatory systems with arise of more than 15-20 pulses: what indicated presence of infringement homeostasis.

Even in conditions of rest the tension of regulatory systems can be high, if the person has not sufficient functional reserves. It is expressed, particularly, by high stability of heart rhythm, characteristic for raised sympathetic tone. This part of the regulatory gear, responsible for emergency mobilization of energetic and metabolic resources by any kinds of stress, is activated through nervous and humoral channels. It is a component of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, realizing the body answers on the stress influence. The important role belongs to central nervous system, which coordinates and directs all processes in body.

Heart is the rather sensitive indicator of all events occurring in organism. Rhythm (but also the value of its reduction adjustable through sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of autonomic nervous system) very sensitively reacts on any stressful influence. To judge degree of regulatory systems tension is possible with help of many methods: by study of the adrenalin or noradrenalin hormone contents in blood, on changes of a diameter of a pupil, on sweat volume etc. But the most simple and accessible method, and continuous dynamic control enabling information - is HRV analysis. Changes of heart rhythm - it is universal operative reaction of whole body as reply to any influence of the factors of internal information and external environment. However average frequency of heart rate as traditional measuring method reflects only final effect of numerous regulatory influences to cardiovascular apparatus, characterizes peculiarities (usually) of the homeostatic gear. One of important problems of this gear is to supply balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of autonomous nervous system (autonomic homeostasis). To the same frequency of heart rate can correspond with various combinations of activity of the parts of system managing autonomic homeostasis. Besides, the heart rhythm reflects influence of higher levels of regulation, too. It gives the basis to consider sinus node as the sensitive indicator of adaptive body reactions during its adaptation to conditions of an environment.

Each moment of life, the organism tests the continuous influence of the factors rejecting imbalance in one or other side. Simultaneously preventing or compensating already arising shifts, then come into effect the regulatory gears. The work of regulatory gears is directed by the fact: to support balance between systems inside organism and between organism and environment. The doctrine about balance inside organism (the doctrine about homeostasis) was developed by well known French scientist Claude Bernard (1896) and was developed further by American scientist Walter Cannon (1932). Alongside, the theory of adaptation doctrine about homeostasis was worked out by Gorizontov (1976) as one of basic parts of the modern doctrine about health. Knowledge about health as the adaptive process, directed to optimization of interaction organism with an environment and on maintenance of homeostasis of main systems inside organism was for the first time considered in work by known Russian pathophysiologist I.V. Davydovsky (1965). At the present stage, the development of a scientific presentation have received further development in space medicine (A.I. Grigoriev, R.M. Baevsky, 2006) and are realized in kind of specific automated systems for estimation of a level of health, in which conducting role plays methods of HRV analysis.

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